Carbon Chemistry.

Organic Compounds are compounds that are based on carbon and also organic compounds contain hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Organic Compounds Organic Compounds are found in the laboratory. Inorganic Compounds do not form carbons.

The 4 building blocks of life are:-

• carbohydrates things that include sugars and starches and is the source of energy for the blood cells.
• Lipids:- Lipids are fats and oil and gives energy and as structural materials in living things.
• proteins:- proteins are macromolecules that are made of smaller molecules.
• DNA/Nucleic Acids:- These are huge complex carbon based molecules that contain the info that the cells use , to make proteins.

Do you know what are polymers??????

If you don’t here it is. Polymers are large carbon based molecules that are made of smaller molecules called animo acids. Polymers are found in plastic and fibres. The properties of the polymers depend on their molecular structure and it’s sizes and the sizes depend on its monomers and the number of monomers added to it!!!!!!

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Metal Alloys.

Bulletin’ description….

What’s an Alloy?

• Alloy is a substance that is a mixture of metal and one or more other types of elements.
• EXAMPLE:- Gold alloys contain silver and copper. It is used to make the substance stronger.
• There are many types of alloys.
•  Steel that is used in construction is an alloy with a mixture of iron and carbon.
• Alloy is used in transportation
• Aeroplane engines are made of alloys and aluminium and titanium alloys are used in the plane’s bodies.
• Alloys are used in medicine too.
• Cobalt and titanium are often used in medicines because these metals do not really react with the substances in our body.
• nitinol alloys are used in braces for teeth.
• Alloys are used in many other things too.

Solutions can be acidic, basic or neutral.

Pictures with explanation.

 

• Many solutions are acidic, basic or neutral. Acid is a substance that donate’s hydrogen ions to another substance and bases are substances that accept hydrogen ions from other substances. Acids are reactive and tastes bitter and Bases are slippery and also tastes bitter. Acids are vinegar etc. and bases are soaps.

 

 

• Strong acids often break apart and form ions and weak acids don’t form any ions at all. Ammonia is a weak base. Strong bases dissolves completely into ions.
• The pH scale is used to measure acids and bases. The pH scale tells us if the solution is acidic or basic or even neutral. This is figured out with a litmus paper. We dip it into the solution. If it’s a stong acid, the paper turns really red, and if  it’s a strong base it turn really blue. Strong acids have a pH 0 and strong base have a pH 14. Neutral is water that is pH 7. It’s in the between. Below is the diagram of the pH scale.

 

The amount of solute that dissolves can vary.

Letter to my friend…

Dear Sally,

Hey!!! Sally. I haven’t wrote you since a long time. How are you? I am learning all this new stuff in science and it is really interesting! Guess what we learned today?! We learned about how solute that dissolves in the solution can vary. It’s pretty interesting. Let me tell you about it. (this can be boring). We learned about concentration. Concentration depends on the amount of solute that is dissolved in the solvent at a particular teprature.Ex: Salt and water solution has a low concentration because the amount of solute dissolved in the solvent is less. If more solute is dissolved the concentration is higher. Well, that was that! Now, next thing Dilute. Dilute sounds delicate to me. haha!!! Dilute is a solution that has low concentration. I just told you about it above…and ya! Saturated. Saturated solution is a solution that can’t hold anymore solute in it, and the maximum it could hold is already dissolved in it and the opposite of that is unsaturated. The solubility of a substance  when that when the substance that will dissolve in a certain amount of solvent at  particular temperature. The more saluted that is added the more temperature increases. When a substance dissolves its molecules and ions separate from each other and get evenly mixed with molecules of the solvent. Water molecules are often called polar, but the molecules of oil are nonpolar thus the molecule does not have any positive or negative region, and so ya oil and water DO NOT  dissolve! You can go and check it, if you doubt it. And yess..you have to know this! water is the universal solvent…(the most common solvent). Was that boring!??? I think soo! Well, bye then you gotta learn a lot now kid!

@shmita# >.<

A solution is a type of mixture.

Drawings with explainations.

As shown in the diagram above you can see a solution of salt and water. There are many different types of solutions.

 In a suspension, the dissolved particle is bigger than the solvent.  The freezing point of a liquid solvent decreases when a solute is dissolved in it. The more solute is dissolved in the solution, the greater is the boiling point.

Life and Industry depend on chemical reactions.

Newspaper article.

March 14, 2010

Scientifical Timexpress.

Hello, world! Today’s entry is all about how Life and Industries depend on Chemical reactions. Last night, Scientists in New York, discovered that living cells obtain energy from glucose molecules through respiration, which is the combustion of glucose to get energy. They said, that this type of Chemical reaction is the opposite of Photosynthesis. The theory behind this is that the glucose molecules in the food we eat, are stored in our body till we need energy, then, respiration consumes them in a process that has several steps, and to get through these steps faster, catalysts and enzymes are used for each step. Some catalysts break the glucose molecules into smaller pieces, when the others break bonds between each piece. The scientists said that the catalysts in our body, work just like the catalytic converters in cars. Combustion of gasoline makes harmful waste products that is dangerous for our health. These Catalytic converters make these waste production less harmful. Few days ago, scientists also invented a new type of catalytic converter. Our press company managed to get a picture of it that shows how the whole thing works.

The scientists also said that one of the many uses of silicon chips is in cellular phones. In these chips a material is present called photoresist, in which the properties change when it is exposed to ultraviolet light. These chips have electrical pathways, this is so small that one particle of dust can block the pathway that can result of the chip not working properly. These are very delicate things. I hope more new science discoveries are made and we will inform you about it in one and only SCIENTIFICAL TIMEXPRESS……

Chemical reactions involve energy changes.

Video.

This is a goanimate video I made, that covers the above concept….Enjoy!

http://goanimate.com/movie/02WkLm4zRn6A?utm_source=linkshare&uid=0SDcPSNmNBCE

The Masses of Reactants and Products are Equal.

Diary entry...

Dear Diary,

Science class was pretty boring today, and we have a test tomorrow! Can you imagine, A TEST on all this stuff. It’s just too much. I almost half asleep in class today. Our teacher, Mr.Barns, was explaining us something, that sounded like, balancing equations, and he was talking about something called “Law of conservation of mass”. Well, I was KIND OF listening to what he was saying. He said that law of conservation is that in a chemical reaction, no atoms are formed nor destroyed. Lavoisier discovered this. He was experimenting with different stuffs. Usually science is pretty fun, but I don’t know why, today, it was so boring.  From my little scraps of listening, I also heard that he was talking about balancing equations. He said that “in balancing equations both sides of the –> (arrow) the number of atoms should be the same”. I think I can give you a quick example from what I remember. CH4 + 2O2 –> CO2 + 2H2O…

haha, that’s all I can tell you. You make both sides equal. After sometime I was so bored, I started talking to my friend Lisa, about our weekends and where we were planning to go during vacations. So, you can probably guess, that I will FAIL in my test tomorrow, which will probably happen because right now I am really confused about all this.Well, that’s all for today….

P.S:wish me luck for my next test!!!!!!!!PLEASEEEEEEEEEEEE

Chemical Reactions Alter Arrangements of Atoms.

Conersation bewtween 2 people…

 

Maria: Hey, did you learn about Chemical reactions in your science class today?

Sandra: Nope! You guys learned it?

Maria: Oh yeah! It’s pretty interesting. I liked it.

Sandra: Can you tell me what is this “Chemical Reaction” thing all about!

Maria: Sure why not!Chemical reaction produces new substances by changing the way which the atoms are already arranged.

Sandra: Thats it?! or there’s more?

Maria: No way, this is just the beginning.

Sandra: Okayyyy..keep going!

Maria: Fine…There are many evidences, in which you can know that the change is a chemical change. Change in color, formation of precipitate, change in temperature, formation of gas.

Sandra: Wow! I did not know all that.

Maria: Wait till you hear this! Chemical reactions are classified in many ways to make the different types of reactions, easier to understand. There are three types, Decomposition, Combustion, Synthesis.

Sandra: Can you explain them?

Maria: Yep, In a synthesis reaction, a new compound is found by the combination of some simpler reactants. And, in Decomposition, complex reactants, break down to simpler products, and in a combustion, one reactant is always oxygen and the other one contains hydrogen or carbon. There are 5 ways to make the chemical reaction faster, 1)Add a catalyst.      2) Increase the Surface Area  3) Concentration 4) temperature 5)Stir.

Sandra: Really, can you please tell me a little bit about it all of those.

Maria: FINE, Catalyst is something you add to the reaction to speed it up or else it will take forever. Increase in Surface area, can help, because a large piece of material can be broken apart into small pieces, and that also changes the surface area. Concentration measures the number of particles present in a particular volume. Temprature changes help the molecules to move faster and stirring increases the speed of the reaction, because all the molecules move rapidly.

Sandra: You learned a lot today! I can’t wait till I learn all this.

Maria: Well, good luck, because some stuff is pretty confusing.

Substances properties depend on their bonds.

Video

Here’s a video I made for you people to watch on the above topic…Enjoy! It is kind of funny and crazy!!

http://goanimate.com/movie/063kFbgfAfEE?utm_source=linkshare&uid=0SDcPSNmNBCE